Opsan Healthtech Private Limited

Sorafenib 120 mg Tablets - Medical Description
Generic Name: Sorafenib  Brand Name: Nexavar
Formulation:  Sorafenib is available in oral tablet form, typically in strengths of 120 mg.
Indications:  Sorafenib is primarily used for the treatment of:- Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic kidney cancer.- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Sorafenib is used for the treatment of liver cancer, particularly in patients who are not candidates for surgery or transplantation.- Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC): It is used for the treatment of thyroid cancer that is resistant to radioactive iodine therapy.
Mechanism of Action:  Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor. It works by inhibiting several proteins involved in cancer cell growth and angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors). Sorafenib targets:- RAF kinases (involved in cell growth and survival).- VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) and PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor), which are important for angiogenesis.
By blocking these pathways, Sorafenib helps to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells and the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow.
Dosage and Administration:  The typical dose of Sorafenib for adults is:- 120 mg (one tablet) twice daily (morning and evening), taken on an empty stomach (at least one hour before or two hours after meals).
The dosage may be adjusted based on tolerability and side effects. It is important to take Sorafenib exactly as prescribed and not to alter the dosage without consulting a doctor.
Side Effects:  Common side effects associated with Sorafenib use include:- Fatigue- Diarrhea- Rash- Hand-foot syndrome (painful redness, swelling, and peeling of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet)- High blood pressure (hypertension)- Loss of appetite- Hair thinning or loss- Nausea and vomiting
Serious side effects may include:- Liver problems (e.g., jaundice, elevated liver enzymes)- Heart problems (e.g., chest pain, heart failure)- Severe bleeding or clotting- Severe skin reactions (e.g., blistering, peeling)
Precautions and Warnings:- Liver Function: Sorafenib can cause liver toxicity, so liver function tests should be done regularly.- Hypertension: Blood pressure should be monitored regularly since Sorafenib may cause high blood pressure.- Bleeding Risk: Sorafenib may increase the risk of bleeding, so patients should report any unusual bleeding or bruising.- Heart Health: Sorafenib may cause heart problems, especially in patients with pre-existing heart conditions.- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Sorafenib should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding as it may harm the fetus or infant. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception during treatment.- Interaction with Other Medications: Sorafenib can interact with other medications, including drugs that affect liver enzymes (CYP450 system). Always inform your doctor about any other drugs being taken, including over-the-counter medications and supplements.
Conclusion:  Sorafenib is an effective treatment for advanced kidney cancer, liver cancer, and certain thyroid cancers. It is essential for patients to be monitored regularly during treatment due to potential side effects such as liver toxicity, high blood pressure, and skin reactions. Always follow the prescribed dosage and consult a healthcare provider for any changes in condition or treatment.

Gefitinib 250 mg Tablets - Medical Description
Generic Name: Gefitinib  Brand Name: Iressa
Formulation:  Gefitinib is available in oral tablet form, with a common strength of 250 mg per tablet.
Indications:  Gefitinib is primarily used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific genetic mutations:- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): It is used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, particularly for those who have failed chemotherapy.- EGFR Mutations: Gefitinib is specifically indicated for patients with tumors that have activating mutations in the EGFR gene, which encodes a protein involved in cell growth.
Mechanism of Action:  Gefitinib is an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor. It works by targeting and blocking the EGFR tyrosine kinase, a protein that is involved in the signaling pathways that promote the growth and survival of cancer cells. By inhibiting EGFR, Gefitinib can prevent cancer cells from growing and dividing, thus inhibiting tumor growth.
Dosage and Administration:  The typical dose for Gefitinib is:- 250 mg once daily, taken orally, with or without food.- It is important to take the tablet at the same time every day to maintain consistent levels in the body.
Patients should swallow the tablet whole and not crush or chew it.
Side Effects:  Common side effects of Gefitinib include:- Diarrhea- Rash (often acne-like, especially on the face and chest)- Dry skin or skin reactions- Nausea and vomiting- Loss of appetite- Fatigue- Liver enzyme elevations (which may require monitoring of liver function)
Serious side effects can include:- Interstitial lung disease (ILD): This is a serious condition where the lungs become inflamed, which can cause difficulty breathing, coughing, and other respiratory issues. It can be fatal and requires immediate medical attention.- Severe eye problems (e.g., eye irritation, dry eyes, or inflammation)- Liver problems: Symptoms of liver dysfunction may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or upper stomach pain.- Gastrointestinal perforation (rare but serious, involves holes in the digestive tract)
Precautions and Warnings:- Lung Disease (ILD): Patients should be monitored for symptoms of lung problems, including shortness of breath, dry cough, or chest pain, which may indicate ILD.- Liver Function: Liver function should be regularly monitored during treatment as Gefitinib can cause liver toxicity.- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Gefitinib should not be used during pregnancy, as it can harm the unborn child. It is also not recommended during breastfeeding, as it is not known whether the drug is excreted in human milk.- Drug Interactions: Gefitinib can interact with other medications that alter liver enzymes, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, and antiepileptics. Always inform the healthcare provider of any other medications being used.

Etoposide 50mg Tablets – Medical Description

Generic Name: Etoposide
Brand Name: Various (including VePesid, Etopophos, among others)

Class: Antineoplastic agent, Chemotherapy drug

Dosage Form: Tablet

Strength: 50mg per tablet

Indications:
Etoposide is primarily used for the treatment of various types of cancer, including:

• Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
• Testicular cancer
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Ovarian cancer (less commonly)
• Kaposi's sarcoma (in HIV-positive individuals)

Mechanism of Action:
Etoposide works by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II, which is essential for DNA replication. By interfering with this enzyme, etoposide prevents the cancer cells from replicating and leads to their death. This is why it is effective as a chemotherapy agent.

Administration:

• Typically administered orally in tablet form, usually once or twice daily, as directed by the healthcare provider.
• Can be taken with or without food, but should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
• Dosing may vary based on the type of cancer being treated, the patient's overall health, and response to treatment.

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Diarrhea
• Decreased white blood cell count (increasing risk of infection)
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling, trouble breathing)
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Liver or kidney issues
• Blood clotting problems (bleeding or bruising)
• Secondary cancers (in rare cases, as a long-term effect)

Contraindications:

• Known hypersensitivity (allergy) to etoposide or any of its components
• Severe liver or kidney impairment (dosing adjustments may be needed)
• Pregnancy (category D: may harm the fetus, should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary)

Precautions:

• Regular monitoring of blood counts is essential during treatment due to the potential for bone marrow suppression.
• Etoposide can cause low blood pressure, so it is important to monitor vital signs during administration, especially in the case of intravenous use.
• Patients should avoid live vaccines during treatment, as their immune systems may be weakened.

Drug Interactions:

• Corticosteroids: May increase the risk of certain side effects.
• Warfarin: Etoposide may increase the anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding.
• CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers: These drugs may alter the metabolism of etoposide and affect its efficacy or increase side effects.

Pregnancy Category: D (Risk to fetus; benefits may outweigh the risk in some cases)

Lactation: Etoposide should not be used during breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk and harm the infant.

Storage:
Store at room temperature (15°C to 30°C / 59°F to 86°F) in a tightly closed container. Keep away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Always follow the prescribing physician's instructions, and if any severe side effects or allergic reactions occur, seek medical help immediately.

Tab Apricap 125/80 is a combination medication used primarily for the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and chronic heart failure It contains two active ingredients: Ramipril (125 mg) and Amlodipine (80 mg)

1 Ramipril (125 mg):
Class: Angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Ramipril works by inhibiting the enzyme ACE, which leads to a decrease in the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels This results in vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), reduced blood pressure, and decreased strain on the heart
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure, prevention of stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage due to diabetes

2 Amlodipine (80 mg):
Class: Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine type)
Mechanism of Action: Amlodipine blocks calcium channels in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, leading to vasodilation This reduces peripheral vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure
Indications: Hypertension, chronic stable angina, and vasospastic angina

Indications:
Hypertension: To manage high blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications like stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease
Chronic heart failure: To improve symptoms and outcomes in patients with heart failure, often by reducing the workload on the heart

Dosage and Administration:
The usual starting dose of Tab Apricap 125/80 depends on the patient's medical condition and response to treatment The tablet is usually taken once daily
Dosing adjustments may be necessary based on blood pressure and other health parameters

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to ramipril, amlodipine, or any component of the formulation
Severe hypotension (low blood pressure), aortic stenosis, or known heart failure with low blood pressure
History of angioedema (swelling) related to ACE inhibitors

Precautions:
Caution is advised in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, a history of angioedema, or aortic stenosis
Regular monitoring of blood pressure, renal function, and electrolytes is recommended during treatment

Side Effects:
Common side effects: Dizziness, headache, swelling of the ankles or feet, fatigue, and flushing
Serious side effects: Severe hypotension, liver dysfunction, hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), or angioedema

Mechanism of Action:
The combination of ramipril and amlodipine works synergistically to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular events Ramipril reduces vascular resistance and protects organs, while amlodipine aids in vasodilation and further blood pressure reduction

Tab Lenvatinib 4mg is an oral medication that contains Lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of certain cancers It targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and tumor cell proliferation
 Active Ingredient: Lenvatinib (4 mg per tablet): Lenvatinib is an oral kinase inhibitor that selectively targets and inhibits several receptors involved in cancer cell growth, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), plateletderived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), and KIT By inhibiting these pathways, Lenvatinib helps prevent the growth of cancer cells and restricts the blood supply to tumors
 Mechanism of Action:Lenvatinib works by blocking the activity of several kinases that are involved in signaling pathways that drive tumor growth and angiogenesis It inhibits VEGFRs, which play a key role in the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow, as well as other receptors involved in cell survival and proliferation By preventing tumor cells from receiving the necessary signals to grow and divide, Lenvatinib helps slow down the progression of certain cancers
 Indications:Lenvatinib is indicated for the treatment of: Thyroid Cancer: Specifically used for the treatment of radioiodinerefractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RRDTC) Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Used in combination with everolimus for the treatment of advanced liver cancer, especially in patients who have not responded to prior therapies Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Used in combination with everolimus to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of prior anticancer therapy Endometrial Cancer: For advanced or metastatic endometrial carcinoma, typically in combination with pembrolizumab
 Dosage and Administration: Starting dose: The recommended starting dose of Lenvatinib for most indications is 4 mg (or 8 mg depending on patient characteristics such as body weight) Lenvatinib is usually taken once daily, with or without food It should be swallowed whole with a glass of water The dose may be adjusted based on the patient's tolerance, adverse effects, and response to therapy
 Contraindications: Hypersensitivity: Lenvatinib is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Lenvatinib or any of its components Severe liver dysfunction: Caution is required when prescribing to patients with preexisting severe liver disease
 Precautions: Hypertension: Lenvatinib can cause or worsen high blood pressure, so blood pressure should be monitored regularly, and management may be required Proteinuria: Protein in the urine is a known side effect of Lenvatinib, and kidney function should be monitored during treatment Hepatic Impairment: Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with moderate liver impairment Gastrointestinal (GI) perforations or fistulas: Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of GI perforations, as this can be a serious adverse effect of Lenvatinib Thyroid Function: Thyroid hormone levels should be monitored, as Lenvatinib can affect thyroid function
 

Tab Osimertinib 80mg is an oral medication containing Osimertinib, a targeted therapy used in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific genetic mutations
 Active Ingredient: Osimertinib (80 mg per tablet): Osimertinib is a thirdgeneration epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) It selectively targets and inhibits mutated forms of the EGFR, a protein that promotes cancer cell growth Osimertinib is particularly effective against EGFR T790M mutationpositive NSCLC
 Mechanism of Action:Osimertinib works by selectively inhibiting the EGFR tyrosine kinase (a part of the EGFR receptor) in both its mutated (activating mutations) and wildtype (normal) forms However, its primary therapeutic effect is on tumors that have acquired resistance to previous EGFRtargeted therapies due to the T790M mutation This mutation causes cancer cells to become resistant to first and secondgeneration EGFR inhibitors Osimertinib binds irreversibly to the mutant EGFR, preventing its activation and blocking downstream signaling pathways, which results in reduced tumor growth
 Indications: NonSmall Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):   EGFR mutationpositive metastatic NSCLC: Osimertinib is indicated for patients with advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer that is positive for EGFR mutations, including the T790M mutation   Firstline treatment for EGFR mutationpositive NSCLC: It is used for patients who have not previously been treated with EGFR inhibitors   Treatment of NSCLC with T790M mutation: It is indicated for patients with EGFR T790M mutationpositive NSCLC who have progressed after treatment with earlier EGFR inhibitors (such as gefitinib or erlotinib)
 Dosage and Administration: Recommended Dose: The standard dose of Osimertinib is 80 mg once daily Administration: Osimertinib is taken orally once a day, with or without food Dosage Adjustments: The dose may be adjusted depending on side effects and clinical response If the patient experiences severe side effects, the dose may be reduced, interrupted, or discontinued based on the doctor's assessment
 Contraindications: Hypersensitivity: Osimertinib is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Osimertinib or any of its components   Precautions: QT Prolongation: Osimertinib can cause QT interval prolongation, which could lead to lifethreatening arrhythmias Regular monitoring of the ECG (electrocardiogram) is advised, particularly in patients with underlying heart conditions Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): ILD or pneumonitis may occur in patients taking Osimertinib Any signs of dyspnea (shortness of breath), cough, or fever should be immediately reported, and treatment may need to be interrupted or discontinued Hepatic Impairment: Dose adjustments may be needed for patients with impaired liver function Liver enzymes should be monitored regularly Eye Problems: Osimertinib may cause eye issues, including dry eye, eye irritation, and visual disturbances These should be monitored during treatment Diarrhea and Rash: Patients may experience gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea or rash, which can often be managed with supportive care

Tab Temozolomide 100mg is an oral chemotherapy medication used to treat certain types of brain tumors, particularly gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma Temozolomide is an alkylating agent, meaning it interferes with the DNA of cancer cells, leading to their death
 Active Ingredient: Temozolomide (100 mg per tablet): Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent that works by introducing alkyl groups into the DNA of cancer cells This damages the DNA, preventing the cancer cells from dividing and leading to their death
 Mechanism of Action:Temozolomide is a prodrug, meaning it is metabolized into its active form once inside the body It is converted into the active metabolite MTIC (methyltriazenylimidazolecarboxamide), which causes DNA damage by adding methyl groups to DNA This methylation prevents the DNA from replicating properly, leading to cell death It is particularly effective against tumors with high rates of DNA replication, like gliomas
 Indications: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): Temozolomide is commonly used for the firstline treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer Anaplastic Astrocytoma: Temozolomide is used in the treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma, a type of malignant brain tumor Other brain tumors: Temozolomide may also be used offlabel in other types of brain tumors or in combination with other treatments
 Dosage and Administration: Recommended Dose: The typical starting dose for glioblastoma multiforme is 75 mg/m² per day for 42 days, followed by a rest period of 4 weeks, during which a higher dose (up to 150 mg/m² per day) may be used depending on the patient’s tolerance and response Administration: Temozolomide is taken orally once a day The tablets should be swallowed whole, without crushing or chewing It is usually taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after food Cycles: Temozolomide treatment typically occurs in cycles, with daily administration for a period (eg, 42 days), followed by a rest period of several weeks before starting the next cycle
 Contraindications: Hypersensitivity: Temozolomide is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to the drug or its components Severe bone marrow suppression: Patients with significant bone marrow suppression (eg, low blood cell counts) should not use Temozolomide
 Precautions: Bone Marrow Suppression: Temozolomide can suppress bone marrow function, leading to low blood cell counts, which can increase the risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding Blood counts should be monitored regularly Liver and Kidney Function: Liver and kidney function should be monitored, as Temozolomide can affect these organs Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Temozolomide may harm an unborn baby and is contraindicated during pregnancy It is not recommended for use while breastfeeding Nausea and Vomiting: Temozolomide can cause nausea and vomiting, and antiemetic drugs (antinausea medications) may be prescribed to manage these symptoms Secondary Malignancies: Prolonged use of Temozolomide can increase the risk of secondary cancers, such as leukemia, particularly in longterm users
 Side Effects: Common Side Effects:   Nausea and vomiting   Fatigue and weakness   Loss of appetite and weight loss   Headache   Low blood counts (eg, anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia), leading to increased susceptibility to infections and bleeding  

Tab Olaparib 150mg is an oral medication containing Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor used in the treatment of certain cancers, particularly those related to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
 Active Ingredient: Olaparib (150 mg per tablet): Olaparib is a PARP (Poly (ADPribose) polymerase) inhibitor that works by blocking the PARP enzyme, which is involved in DNA repair This leads to the accumulation of DNA damage in cancer cells, especially those with defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, ultimately causing cell death and slowing tumor progression
 Mechanism of Action:Olaparib inhibits the PARP enzyme, which helps repair singlestrand DNA breaks In cancer cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, these repair mechanisms are already compromised, making them more reliant on PARP for DNA repair By inhibiting PARP, Olaparib prevents cancer cells from repairing DNA damage, leading to cell death This mechanism is particularly effective in tumors with defective DNA repair pathways, such as those with BRCA mutations
 Indications: Ovarian Cancer:   Olaparib is approved for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who have previously been treated with chemotherapy (platinumbased therapy)   It is used for maintenance treatment in patients with complete or partial response to chemotherapy   Breast Cancer:   Olaparib is used in patients with HER2negative metastatic breast cancer who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and have received prior chemotherapy
 Prostate Cancer:   Olaparib is indicated for the treatment of metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who have previously received chemotherapy
 Pancreatic Cancer:   It is also indicated for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer with BRCA mutations in patients who have previously received chemotherapy
 Dosage and Administration: Recommended Dose: The standard dose of Olaparib for most indications is 150 mg twice daily (morning and evening), for a total of 300 mg per day Administration: Olaparib should be taken orally with or without food, preferably at the same time each day Tablets should be swallowed whole and should not be chewed, crushed, or broken Dosage Adjustments: The dose may need to be reduced or temporarily interrupted if the patient experiences significant side effects, particularly hematological (bloodrelated) or gastrointestinal issues For some patients, dose reductions to 100 mg twice daily or 150 mg once daily may be necessary
 Contraindications: Hypersensitivity: Olaparib is contraindicated in patients who have a known hypersensitivity to Olaparib or any of its components   Precautions: Hematological Toxicity: Olaparib can cause anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia (low red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), so blood counts should be monitored regularly Liver Function: Liver enzymes (ALT, AST) should be monitored regularly, as Olaparib can cause liver toxicity in some patients Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Olaparib can harm an unborn baby and is contraindicated during pregnancy Women of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment It is not recommended for use while breastfeeding Secondary Malignancies: Longterm use of PARP inhibitors has been associated with an increased risk of developing secondary cancers, though this risk is considered low
 Side Effects: Common Side Effects:   Fatigue   Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea   Anemia (low red blood cell count)   Headache and dizziness   Appetite loss and weight loss  

Inj Bortezomib 2mg is a medication that contains bortezomib, which is a proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma Bortezomib works by inhibiting the proteasome, an enzyme complex responsible for breaking down proteins within the cell By blocking this process, it causes an accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins, leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells
 Medical Description:
 Generic Name: Bortezomib   Brand Name: Velcade (among others) Form: Injectable solution (for intravenous or subcutaneous administration) Strength: 2 mg per vial
 Indication: Multiple Myeloma: Bortezomib is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that originates in plasma cells in the bone marrow Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Bortezomib is also approved for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma, a subtype of nonHodgkin lymphoma It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs depending on the specific treatment regimen
 Mechanism of Action: Proteasome Inhibition: Bortezomib selectively inhibits the 26S proteasome, a complex responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins This inhibition leads to an accumulation of damaged proteins in the cell, causing cellular stress and eventually cell death, particularly in cancer cells By disrupting normal cellular functions, it inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis (programmed cell death)
 Administration: Route: Bortezomib can be administered via intravenous (IV) Injection or subcutaneous Injection   Intravenous (IV): Administered over a period of 3 to 5 seconds for the IV route   Subcutaneous: It can also be Injected under the skin, typically on the stomach or thigh Dosing Schedule: The typical dosing schedule is:   Multiple myeloma: 13 mg/m² of body surface area, typically given twice a week for 2 weeks followed by 1 week off (repeated in cycles)   Mantle cell lymphoma: Typically dosed at 13 mg/m², with variations based on the specific treatment protocol   The dosage can be adjusted based on tolerability and response to treatment
 Side Effects: Common side effects:   Fatigue   Nausea and vomiting   Diarrhea or constipation   Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage causing tingling, numbness, or pain in hands and feet)   Low blood counts (eg, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia)   Fever   Injection site reactions (redness, pain, swelling)  

Tab AKYNZEO 6mg/300mg is a combination medication used primarily for the prevention of chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting (CINV) It combines two active ingredients: Netupitant (6 mg) and Palonosetron (300 mcg)
1 Netupitant (6 mg):    Class: Neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor antagonist    Mechanism of Action: Netupitant works by inhibiting the action of substance P, a neuropeptide that binds to the NK1 receptor in the brain Substance P plays a crucial role in the regulation of nausea and vomiting By blocking the NK1 receptor, netupitant helps prevent both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy
2 Palonosetron (300 mcg):    Class: 5HT3 receptor antagonist    Mechanism of Action: Palonosetron is a selective serotonin (5HT3) receptor antagonist that works by blocking serotonin at 5HT3 receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract This prevents serotonin from triggering vomiting reflex pathways, particularly after chemotherapy, and is effective for both acute and delayed nausea
Indications: Prevention of chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting (CINV): AKYNZEO is used to prevent both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, such as cisplatin or anthracyclinebased regimens Treatment of CINV: It is often used as part of a combination therapy for patients undergoing chemotherapy
Dosage and Administration: AKYNZEO is usually administered as a single oral dose taken 1 hour before chemotherapy The typical dose is one tablet containing 6 mg of Netupitant and 300 mcg of Palonosetron  Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to netupitant, palonosetron, or any component of the formulation Caution is advised in patients with a history of arrhythmias or heart conditions, as these medications may impact heart rhythm
Precautions: Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as dose adjustments may be necessary It is not recommended for use in combination with certain medications that are strong inhibitors or inducers of the CYP3A4 enzyme Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use, as the safety of AKYNZEO in these populations has not been established
Side Effects: Common side effects: Constipation, headache, fatigue, and elevated liver enzymes Serious side effects: Severe allergic reactions, including rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, although these are rare
Mechanism of Action: By combining netupitant (NK1 receptor antagonist) and palonosetron (5HT3 receptor antagonist), AKYNZEO offers a dual approach to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy Netupitant controls the delayed phase of CINV, while palonosetron addresses the acute phase, offering a comprehensive solution for patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment

Alectinib 150 mg Tablets - Medical Description
Generic Name: Alectinib  Brand Name: Alecensa
Formulation:  Alectinib is available in oral tablet form, with a typical strength of 150 mg per tablet.
Indications:  Alectinib is primarily used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Positive NSCLC: Alectinib is indicated for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have either not received prior treatment or who have progressed on crizotinib (another ALK inhibitor). ALK-positive cancers have a mutation in the ALK gene, leading to abnormal growth of cancer cells.
Alectinib is typically prescribed when the cancer cells test positive for the ALK gene mutation, and it is used as a targeted therapy to inhibit the cancer-driving effects of the ALK protein.
Mechanism of Action:  Alectinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that works by selectively inhibiting the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) protein. ALK is a gene that, when mutated, can promote cancer cell growth. By inhibiting the activity of ALK, Alectinib helps to stop or slow the growth and spread of ALK-positive cancer cells, particularly in lung cancer. It is considered a targeted therapy because it specifically targets the molecular driver of the cancer rather than affecting all rapidly dividing cells.
Dosage and Administration:  The typical dose for Alectinib in adults is:- 150 mg twice daily, taken orally with or without food.- The tablets should be swallowed whole and should not be chewed, crushed, or split.
Dosage adjustments may be made based on tolerability and side effects. It is important to follow the prescribed dosing schedule and consult with a healthcare provider if a dose is missed or if any issues arise during treatment.
Side Effects:  Common side effects of Alectinib include:- Fatigue- Constipation- Muscle pain or weakness (myalgia)- Diarrhea- Nausea and vomiting- Liver enzyme elevations- Cough- Edema (swelling, often in the feet or ankles)
Serious side effects may include:- Liver damage: Elevated liver enzymes can be a sign of liver toxicity. Severe liver damage (hepatotoxicity) can occur, and liver function should be monitored during treatment.- Interstitial lung disease (ILD): Alectinib can cause lung inflammation, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain. ILD is a serious and potentially life-threatening side effect.- Bradycardia (slow heart rate): Some patients may experience a decrease in heart rate, which can cause dizziness or fainting.- Severe allergic reactions: Rare but severe allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and rash, may occur.
Precautions and Warnings:- Liver Function: Regular monitoring of liver enzymes is necessary, as Alectinib can cause liver toxicity.- Pulmonary Issues (ILD): Alectinib has been associated with interstitial lung disease, which can cause serious respiratory problems. Any new or worsening symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain should be reported immediately.- Bradycardia: Patients should be monitored for heart rate during treatment, as Alectinib can cause bradycardia.- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Alectinib should not be used during pregnancy as it may harm the unborn baby. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding, as it is unknown whether Alectinib is excreted in breast milk.- Drug Interactions: Alectinib may interact with other medications that affect liver enzymes (CYP450 system). It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all other medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.